istanbul size comparison

[246], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. [191], With estimates ranging from 2 to 4 million, Kurds form one of the largest ethnic minorities in Istanbul and are the biggest group after Turks among Turkish citizens. [104] Summer is considerably drier; unlike a true Mediterranean climate however, there is no true dry season as defined by Kppen. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. [164][165] This system continued beyond the founding of the Turkish Republic, with the province renamed a belediye (municipality), but the municipality was disbanded in 1957.[166]. The AKP government had supported a 'Yes' vote and won the vote nationally due to high support in rural parts of the country. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. [261] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. [19] Constantinople comes from the Latin name Constantinus, after Constantine the Great, the Roman emperor who refounded the city in 324 CE. Byzantium 404 BC196 CE [181], The Turkish Statistical Institute estimates that the population of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality was 15,519,267 at the end of 2019, hosting 19 percent of the country's population. [334] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, is part of intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [150], Next in age is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE. [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. It Istanbul's first private university, Ko University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. [47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. Web14.9 million. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[350][351]. Furthermore, as Istanbul is a large and rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. Roman Empire 196395 (Capital between 330395) While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. [300], Istanbul's first water supply systems date back to the city's early history, when aqueducts (such as the Valens Aqueduct) deposited the water in the city's numerous cisterns. [330][331], The Istanbul Metro comprises eight lines (the M1, M2, M3, M6, M7 and M9 on the European side, and the M4 and M5 on the Asian side) with several other lines (M8, M12 and M11) and extensions under construction. Leonardo da Vinci International Airport [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [363][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. Istanbul Province sends 98 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which has a total of 600 seats. [52][53] Constantinople is generally considered to be the center and the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization". [13] Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 was a period of especially great artistic and architectural achievement; chief architect Mimar Sinan designed several iconic buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics, stained glass, calligraphy, and miniature flourished. [297], In 2015, more than 57,000 students attended 7,934 schools,[298] including the renowned Galatasaray High School, Kabata Erkek Lisesi, and Istanbul Lisesi. [167][168] The main decision-making body of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is the Municipal Council, with members drawn from district councils. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. [349] Private bus companies still operation to this day. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. The Istanbul Shopping Fest is an annual shopping festival held since 2011, and Teknofest is an annual festival of aviation, aerospace and technology, held since 2018. [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. 13. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[248]. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? The total length of Istanbul Province's toll motorways network (otoyollar) is 543km (2021) and the state highways network (devlet yollari) is 353km (2021), totaling 896km of expressway roads (minimum 2x2 lanes), excluding secondary roads and urban streets. [87] From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change, as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. [203] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. The O-7 motorway from Kinali Gieleri to Istanbul Park Service has 139.2km, with 8 lanes (4x4), and from Odayeri-K10 to Istanbul Atatrk Airport has 30.4km. Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. [242] Istanbul also became the heart of Turkey's nascent film industry, although Turkish films were not consistently developed until the 1950s. 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